CAT6 (Category 6) ethernet patch cables are commonly used in networking applications for connecting computers, routers, switches, and other network devices.

Here are some key points you should know about CAT6 cables:

1. Performance & Speed: CAT6 ethernet cables are designed to support data rates of up to 10 Gbps (10 Gigabits per second) for distances up to 55 meters (approximately 180 feet). For longer distances, the speed drops to 1 Gbps.

2. Frequency: They can operate at frequencies up to 250 MHz.

3. Internal Structure: CAT6 cables are made up of four twisted pairs of copper wire. These twisted pairs help reduce interference.

4. Improved Crosstalk: One of the key improvements of CAT6 over its predecessor, CAT5e, is its enhanced performance in terms of reduced "crosstalk." Crosstalk occurs when signals from one cable interfere with signals in another cable. CAT6 cables have stricter specifications for crosstalk and system noise.

5. Connector: CAT6 ethernet cables typically use RJ45 connectors, which are the same as those used by CAT5 and CAT5e cables. However, there are some CAT6 connectors designed specifically to handle its improved specifications.

6. Shielding: While many CAT6 ethernet cables are unshielded (UTP - Unshielded Twisted Pair), there are shielded versions (STP - Shielded Twisted Pair, or FTP - Foiled Twisted Pair) available which offer additional protection against interference, especially in environments with potential electromagnetic interference (EMI).

7. Backward Compatibility: CAT6 cables are backward compatible with CAT5 and CAT5e standards. This means you can use CAT6 cables in a network where CAT5 or CAT5e cables are already in place, but to achieve the higher performance of CAT6, all the components in the network must be CAT6 compliant.

8. Color Coding: Like other ethernet cables, CAT6 ethernet cables come in various colors, but the color is primarily for organizational purposes and has no bearing on the cable's performance.

9. Cost: CAT6 ethernet cables are generally more expensive than CAT5e ethernet due to their improved performance characteristics. However, the cost difference between them has decreased over time as CAT6 has become more prevalent.

10. CAT6a: An enhanced version of CAT6, known as CAT6a (Category 6 augmented), supports data rates up to 10 Gbps but over a longer distance of 100 meters (approximately 328 feet) and can operate at frequencies up to 500 MHz.

11. Installation Care: When installing CAT6 ethernet cable, care should be taken not to bend them too much or to tie them too tightly. Excessive bending or tension can degrade the cable's performance.

12. Lifespan: The physical lifespan of a CAT6 ethernet cable can be quite long if it's not subjected to excessive wear and tear. However, in terms of technology and speed requirements, it may become obsolete as faster standards are developed.

When selecting CAT6 cables for a particular application, consider the required distance, speed, environment (e.g., presence of potential interference), and whether future-proofing is a priority.  (ref: ChatGPT 4.0  9-18-23)